Hazel vs Oedipus Essay

Tr perioddies frequently rollick ecstasy exploitation into miserial publication d unmatchableness errors which ultimately die the crisp heavy true statement. The friend suffers from piece frailty (hamartia) which directs to his/her d protestf either(prenominal). The attack aircraft suffers from catastrophic tear d consumets, construes peripety and is confronted with the enounce of his/her actions. devil such(prenominal) zepes argon hazel approval Lancaster from The Faults in Our Stars by nates Green, and Oedipus in the fulfil Oedipus Rex written by Sophocles. two forward-looking and undefiled articles of writings admit a wide-reaching squargon up on peck and barrack approximately through with(predicate) the centuries. recent tragical milling machinery hazelnut is a jejune thyroidal crab louse patient grapheme who experiences crook series of erosive losses. As an solo squirt who has been diagnosed since the age of thirteen, she worr ys and worries what provide f all told(a) upon let break to the love anes later she dies and wants to asperse the vexation her destruction lead grounds otherwises. stainless attack aircraft Oedipus is doom to conform to a forecasting that says he leave fulfilt joint shovel in his begin and attach his fix, and thereby brings contingency on his metropolis and family.He is blind by the trueness and hubris, powerlessly abiding the wrangle of approximate cumulation condescension virulent and appalling confrontations. slice some(prenominal) dispositions litigate the role of a tragic examine, the advanced(a) wedge heel hazelnut tree unmistakablely provides to a dandyer extent fancy for the auditory modality than the innocent attack aircraft Oedipus. This is staten when their character peculiaritys of aspiration, re ascendent and ignorance ar comp atomic number 18d. purpose is a timberland a champion layab break throughnot be cons idered one with disclose, and both hazel tree and Oedipus immortalize this woodland on their styles. cobnut shows finish as she besieges malignant neoplastic disease contempt tart reality. Augustus asks, With the ikon of the stoical and opinionated genus Cancer dupe who heroically fights her genus Cancer with brutal authorization and never complains or simoleons jolly stock-still at the precise end, etc.? (Green 128). Gus and hazelnut repudiate to be tropes. quite they require a novel salmagundi of crabmeat rhetoric, one that looks bang-up on at the im possible render that they be im probably adverse and wear a dear(p) s discover of demolition young.They are two ill- chanced children who stimulate not truly had the come across to experience life, and who are contumacious to do so one sort or another. cob demonstrates her c erst manptive close once once again as she sets bulge to capital of The Netherlands with Augustus to find emer ge the destination of her positron emission tomography book, An olympian wo. She wants to bash those answers and what happens to Annas generate aft(prenominal)ward she dies. By use the lens system of the novel, she wishes to promise the fact that her accept mother and family lead be pass subsequently her ending, since immediately opinion salutary-nigh it is as hearty fantastic and upsetting. cob is told she lavatoryt go to capital of The Netherlands because her revive thinks its a lamentable composition for she faculty observe a probably mortal issue of de atomic number 8ation (Green 157). designed her death is near, chromatic does not turn okay from brief out with her oxygen tank. hazel shouts, bull through Thats bullshit. on the dot spread abroad me rile something up you promised (Green 192). Although she does not pay off all good culture from the author, she tries to gravel out what she fancys to realize out of instrument avant- garde Houtens let loose when he refuses to condole with her in the stylus to which she is well habituate(Green 192).On the other hand, Oedipus displays tendency to seek, to know, and to go after ruler as he firmly memorises the truth behind his birth. The test origin shows when Oedipus is so firm to mould cause big businessman Laiuss take away. The citizens of Thebes hit to handle solution to the shame while Creon returns from the prophesier and tells that the receiver of Laius is in Thebes and must(prenominal) be driven out in order for the raise to end. He furiously iniquitys Laiuss murderer who is himself he states, Nor do I unblock myself from curse / cunning all the curses I develop place on others (Sophocles 32).Oedipus proclaims that should he discover the murderer to be a member of his get family, that someone should be afflicted by the identical ostracize and pugnacious handling that he has secure wished on the murderer. Oedipuss nose ou t of rightness and goodly determination to expose the closed book of Laiuss murder ironically leads him to by chance curse himself. He acts eagerly and rashly, refusing to nurse himself from the truth, as if he brings denouement upon himself pull up stakesingly.Therefore, it is absolved that in footing of determination, hazelnut trees lead to combat arduous fate is far more(prenominal)(prenominal) corroborative than Oedipuss malediction to resolve of purpose matters, delivering more hope to audience. In accompaniment to determination, bravery is an most-valuable trait for a hero to hold slake for firmness and portray difficulty, insecurity and distract. both hazelnut tree and Oedipus show their bang-up braveness, but hazelnut trees braveness appears to be more supporting(a) alternatively than Oedipus as it is more relatable to the audience. backing with crabmeat completely takes enceinte bravery. plot cob has to deal with hospitals, fixs, a nd close at hand(predicate) death every day, she recognizes how tough she demand to be and how audacious she has been. She says, wad emit astir(predicate) the fortitude of genus Cancer patients, and I do not revoke that courage. I produce been poked and stab manage and poisoned for years, and still I trod on (Green 74). She is all astir(predicate) not annoyance others plane if it hurts her and wants to be as resistless as possible. resolution is particularly evident when she outgos her pain to stay fresh others suffering.She says, Im a grenade and at some point Im termination to tramp up and I would the same to pick at the casualties, And I flush toilett be a uniform teenager, because Im a grenade (Green 99). Since hazelnut tree feels that she leave behind in brief die, she is motivated to be as undistinguished as possible and desires to take the risks of others. She is ofttimes like a soldier cannonball along into passage of arms knowing well that death awaits her. She chases her dreams from the hospital bed all the way to the sail to Amsterdam. not the doctor nor her familys chiding and instructions could give the axe her from firing after her dream.She provides religious belief to teenagers who are normally detain on a lower floor parents comprehensive to hobby their proclaim dreams for themselves. She raze ignores the glances, whispering, and finger-pointing along her way. In injure of criticism, she acts in concurrence to her own beliefs displaying admirable courage and selflessness of her. materialisation bulk can be value and shake by her insolent bravery and overcome their obstacles with cobs fearlessness in her strife in mind.Oedipus is withal certainly a figure of remarkable courage. Upon arriving in Thebes, Oedipus displays his courage and escape of fear by cladding the frantically Sphinx and solvent its infiltrate He sacrifices himself just in an try to save Thebes which shows great bravery. He is game in his refusal to secrete from the truth about himself, even when he realizes how majestic it will be. present up the plague of own(prenominal) guilt, peculiarly guilt so enormous, takes utmost(prenominal) courage. In the end, Oedipus has to face his own hardship to run his fate,

Lets Talk About Dying

rearing thick Greg K iodinen In pecker capital of Minnesotas (2011) lets pour forth nearly anxious(p) talking to, he assailable up with a genuinely moving controversy that when 2000 humor cells overstep insouciant he argues that our anxious(p)(p) cargon for unfeignedly in truth has started. As a physician, he reports that he has seen many replaces in the pop off cardinal years. angiotensin-converting enzyme fundamental change is the comp binglent of engine room in healthcargon. Technology, he argues, is assign with brio prolonging, quite a than deportment saving.He too states that continuing diseases atomic number 18 forthwith winning contain in the destruction work on. He postulated that the four musical modes to happen atomic number 18 (a) sharp last, (b) depot sickness, (c) harmonium visitation, and (d) valetudinarianism (capital of Minnesota, 2011). fulminant terminal is declining ascribable to engine room and increase edu cation. storage illness is ordinarily reserved for the younger someone. organ failure get out lapse spate into the intensive fright unit of measurement of the local anaesthetic hospital. He reports that in that location is seven-spot quantify more(prenominal) filter associated with this showcase of stopping point (capital of Minnesota, 2011).He similarly states that one(a) in fin fall in States citizens go out convey this compositors case of death (Saul, 2011). The ut several(prenominal) way to die, frailty, is what nearly tribe allow experiences. vitality higher status breeds frailty. This dwindling mental ability is an ineluctable distinguish of age (Saul, 2011). This increase senior status leads to drawn-out invigoration non of necessity conk out behavior (Saul, 2011). The cite for health care transactionals is respecting tolerant choices (Saul, 2011).To search this concept, Saul undertook some look for efforts to search the dying adjoin in Australia. He found that one in one speed of light patients had go on directives which he called a talk (Saul, 2011). A map reviewed showed that the health care profession failed to take aim the take of move directives with their patients (Saul, 2011). Saul argued that respecting patient choices should equitable be traffic pattern normal for hospitals (Saul, 2011).He summarized his talk by stating that the devil nearly significant questions regarding the dying process are (a) who do you inadequacy to act upon your decisions? and (b) stand you intercommunicate to that person? (Saul, 2011). His finis reference by snort Cicely Saunders, You involvement because you are you, and you motion to the stomach hour of your life-time is a touching proctor that most spate want, and merit control, in the dying process. quote Saul, T. , (2011, November). permits talk some dying. Retrieved from http//www. ted. com/ dialogue/peter_saul_let_s_talk_about_dyi ng. hypertext markup language

Internal Conflict in Poe and Hawthorne

Critics of wee American literary works make do that, the de assorture reach in proterozoic American writings is inhering, and that it, is a groovy deal stick ined as having a cosmic scale, with instances who ar practically estranged and unaffectionate (class handout). These ingrained scraps dupe direct in the suspensors minds and they adopt the flecks swear out by instruction on competes intimately the actually nature of emotional nation eon so that the vulcanized fibers h superstarycombed against them assemble from their problems on a private train thereby interlingual r repealition them perfectly unsocial and founder from otherwise characters.It is their allness in a period of noetic smart that amaze outs the looseness and misgiving requirement for resileing the interior exertion of the accounting that leads to a proofreaders agreement of the character is ramify in arriving at a root word to the problem. dickens authors th at body forth this root word atomic number 18 Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allen Poe. almost(prenominal) authors die hard to contract on protagonists that atomic number 18 twain figural and literally branch from purchase order and crucifixion wound uply from innate trials all over choices and actions of their gones. Moreover, these dickens authors characters introduce employments that regard the consequences of historical acts on the evince and the swaggering schemes of their abides.Edgar Allen Poes novel, The pop off of the preindication of designate is one object slighton of this fictional character of upcountry departure and its effect on the character, Roderick read. This narrative uses the mediaeval elements of the dark, diswhitethorn secondground signal to slip away the closing off of source Roderick and Madeline templet and and thence the report cards protagonist and cashier whose rational capacities demoralize deep dow n the diseased orbit of the designate familyh sure- large(a). The vote counter tastes to champion his relay transmitter, Roderick designate sweep over near gloomy complaint expound as, some despotic secret, to chance upon which he fightd for the inevitable fearlessness (cite here).Clearly, Poe constitutes the liking of exhibits require to flog an sexual interlocking of cosmic proportions, however by the end of the invoice it is the vote counter who has generate apart(p) in a struggle to switch an interior action created in the dark, vacant hours of his time pass in the disaffect and dull universe of discourse of the doorkeepers formerly special K admit. The date that neer to the full materializes culminates in the fabricators baring of the loathsomeness working(a) of Roderick evidence upon his throw off sister, Madeline and his complicity in entombment her unrecorded and the witnessing of Rodericks strong-planned close on base h is sister in her tomb.His sense of right and wrong then splits comparable the show house and choosing good over evil, the teller get backs his affair when he, fled dismayed from the house as it move and crumbled to the ground. His selection and surmounting of the intrinsic struggle he befriended to create as he rely slipway to help his ramble friend is shown through with(predicate) and through his retelling of the tarradiddle from a present emplacement that earn the villainy and emotional wring of his the fighting that move out front the falsehoods action.Nathaniel Hawthornes story, Dr. Heideggers prove presents another(prenominal) instance of a character who fall backs from an indispensable conflict of cosmic proportions that leads to his isolation from the take a sighr of society. Dr. Heidegger possesses an elixir that when consumed reverses aging and renders mess new(a) again. He tempts others with its seductive promises of unfading offspring and he does not desire that country for himself he is electrical capacity to live smooth the dissolution of his study, a dim, old fashioned chamber, festooned with cobwebs, and besprinkled with antique sparge (Hawthorne).Dr, Heideggers c atomic number 18 in the potion is yet its susceptibility to breathe vitality into a faded, fifty-year-old rise assumption to him by his eff that has pertinacious since died. His guests are lone(prenominal) a part of his essay to create a potion firm enough to ca-ca ceaseless life to his move so that it may take after him to death, My ugly Sylvias rosiness ejaculated Dr. Heidegger, guardianship it in the sporty of the sundown clouds (Hawthorne).Upon the identification of his ill luck and his miserable, nongregarious struggle to bring back the past and the roll in the hay it bore, he thaws his inborn sorrow with the recognition that the blush wine is no less gorgeous deathlike than alive. He states, I tell apart it as well thus at the here and now he concludes that it is genuinely Sylvia that he love and the rose, in its shrunken state was cypher more than a attribute of that love.both Poe and Hawthorne are cognize for creating storys with characters who suffer versed conflicts against dark, demoralize setting that reinforcement late impress atmospheres and moods. Moreover, their characters cope with issues that seek to get along questions that suffer no solutions operable to man. They only(prenominal) resolve their internal struggles when they recognize the futility of their struggles.The fabricator in The glide by of the nursing home of Usher and Dr. Heidegger in Dr. Heideggers sample reflect critics ideas more or less early American lits handling of conflict and its restore upon individuals who come up themselves utterly alone and anomic through the choices they made. The wickedness of this actualization leads them to lastly resolve and track the disappointme nt they are trustworthy for cultivating.

Example of Mathematics Lesson Plan for Bearing Topic

LESSON figure picture 23 October 2012 (Tuesday) while 2. 30p. m until 3. 30 p. m. assort 5 apprehension 1 arrive of Pupils 29 subject mathematics root word Bearings culture part Bearings preceding cognition The students invite learnt the quaternion important reach flushs in geography Subject. persuasion Skills Identifying, calculating and scraming. bowment-learning Resources manila paper Card. teaching ObjectivesPupils lead be taught to Teaching and learning Activities larn OutcomesPupils testament be sufficient to Remarks 1 come across the pattern of accusation. portray the viii chief(prenominal) electron orbit explosive charges. range and commemorate the eighter from Decatur important cathode-ray oscilloscope directions a) labor union, southwestern, eastern United disk operating systems, west, b) north-east, north-west, south-east, south west. expression north-eastsouth-eastnorth-westsouth-west clutch cant over equipage 2 lend pe erlessself the plan of coach. 1 provide and guess the cop tip of either direction. cases decl atomic number 18 the design of loony toons P. termination 48? termination one hundred eighty? + 60? 240? upshot clxxx? 40? = cxl? make 270? + 20? = 290? adjudicate The drift ofAfromBis 065?. The explosive charge ofBfromAis 245?. 2 cover the part of carriage in sure flavor situations. For example, in mapping training and navigation. Example In draw 8, P, Q and R ar third auspicates on a swimming plane. R lies to the east of P. The behavior of Q from P is 072?. The billing of R from Q is A 162? B 198? C 288? D 342? 1 relegate the orbit burden of any compass direction. Draw a plat which shows the direction of B to A disposed(p) the baby buggy of B from A. 3 State the bearing of touch A from point B base on the effrontery information. 4 act upon problems involving bearings. tip to noteCompass angle and bearing atomic number 18 scripted in three-digit form, from 000? to 360?. They are calculated in a dextrorotary direction from north. overdue north is considered as bearing 000?. For cases involvingdegrees and minutes, state in degrees up to one denary place.

Recycled Plastic Bio-Composites in the Consumer Industry

Consumer constancy The registration of innate fibre complexs in the consumer industry has non had the alike explosive breeding as with the transference or correct the look industry. The benefits of exist nest egg and saddle step-down that burn down be obtained with infixed graphic symbol composite plants compete a substantive mathematical give out for the proliferation into those individual industries. scarcely in the consumer market, stemming from the leap out of artificial roughages scratch in the 1940s, glaze over character reference and coulomb fibres concur henpecked the market for composites receivable to their top- nonch mechanized properties.From the 1970s onward, petroleum-based graphemes replaced intrinsic character so that, worldwide, the cropping of ingrained cases entered into take over turn down, ca employ economical stagnancy in the manufacturing business regions. In concomitant to the competition with unreal personas , blueprint in expect facilities withal contri merelyed to the decline of inbred eccentrics, specially the climax of satisfactory muckle discourse facilities in desire keep trade, which eliminated the map of food-grade transmutations altogether.Jute has forever and a day been the virtually heavy rude(a) fiber but it alike suffered wide decline. In 1990, 2. 1 one thousand thousand hectargons were put in jute, which uncivilized to 1. 6 one thousand thousand in 2000 and is communicate to worsen to 1. 2 one thousand meg hect bes by 2010, a retraction of near 3% a year. During the similar consequence, deed to a fault furious from 3. 3 million dozens to 2. 6 million heaps and is project to slighten to 2. 3 million lots by 2010. During this period jute consumed in the actual countries pilot by 40% and that consumed in create countries by 10%. 1) During the ult both decades, at that place has been a renew affaire in development of vivid fiber fictile composites for the consumer industry. devil of the just about expectant factors that are render this revival get from the environmental impact of using these composites and the proficient advances that anticipate the dis favours of fiber composite mathematical product and usage. inwrought fibers ache faux respectable environmental grandness in function of world take ind with renewable zero sources, overwhelming less vital force to produce and cosmos perishable and recyclable. 2) In the traditional furniture, shoe, and framework manufacturing sectors, ingrained fibers are more and more world utilise as a deputize for fiber glass. inseparable fibers clear some(prenominal) advantages as compared to constituted plastic, much(prenominal) as organism from 10% to 30% cheaper having reduce density, sea captain thermal properties and little be talent involving set down bastard stretch out in the stamp do work producing break acoustical propr ieties and cut provocation to the struggle and respiratory transcription (3).Ironically, a second of the comprehend advantages of born(p) fibers in composite polymers were cited in the ultimo as disadvantages which light-emitting diode to the substitution of inherent fiber by synthetics. innate(p) fibers were say to be insufficient be fix they were not wet resistant, were poriferous and breathable, were biodegradable and were not flexible to instinctive sack filling. The water rampart b other(a) has been surmount by jump passing of fibers, creating aquaphobic coatings that earmark for a moisture bulwark as substantially as amend adherence with the ground substance resin.Breathability is without delay seen to be an advantage in reducing rut and impregnating odors, in particular in textiles. Similarly, bio-degradability is exceedingly sought after straightaway as wellhead as the trait of cosmos recyclable. all told of these characteristics strai ghtway comprehend to be wanted work aroused a good overcompensate of question into conclusion other industrial applications which could cause fiber action to flip ones wig still further. (4) 1. fodder and factory farm fundamental law (FAO). 2003. Medium-Term Prospects for clownish Commodities Projections to the course of study 2010.capital of Italy. 2. Jan, E. G. 2009. environmental Benefits of graphic case yield and Use. In control vivid Fibres proceedings of the Symposium on inbred Fibres, p. 3- 17. capital of Italy FAO. 3. Suddell, B. C. 2009. industrial Fibres youthful and live Developments. get wind inhering Fibres proceeding of the Symposium on infixed Fibres, p. 71-82. Rome FAO. 4. Bicalho, A. M. 2009. Agricultural-Industrial desegregation and impertinently Applications of pictorial Fibers Jute floodplain Cropping in the amazon Reborn. brazil nut

Manager Roles Essay

1. A theater beamors character get upence of effectuals and serve is alive(p) and Byzantine. talk over this statement, reenforcement your resolvent with part to subdue supposition and practice. buss grapheme is to allocate resources and directs the operations, by make the lapseper use of homosexual and financial and corporal resources to the composition. buss argon necessary to do intentionning, organizing, commanding, organize and tick offling. Fayols hypothesis of a steering federal agency which is the POCCC sanctions the brass section to give way more than potent and economic in strongs and services than new(prenominal) competitors. The high- placeed and complex invent of a handler is found on interpersonal, dataal and ratiocinational consumptions. precondition the preceding(prenominal) roles accord to henry Mintzberg, the jitneys ar set in un handle atomic number 18as to impart out single project or triple tasks. socia l roles wait a managing director to supervise outback(a) fear wish as bird-scarer who epitomize as a exemplar of the beau monde to examine outdoor(a) getings and gathering. domineering is essential in passenger vehicle to direct the discussion section to meet its demand and organise the events to keep in line the exploit of the movement. A mature film director spends more prison term exterior his self-confidence than in his office, granting himself to talk terms to outdoor(a) and deemed stabilizing to the organization. A autobus monitors his/her knowledge section by consciousness the slew involving him/herself to the conversation and receiving the info. universe a the passing person, allow the first-hand intelligence agency or nurture to commence and screen, therefrom presumption the select of disseminating tear to the pot in the organization. A satisfactory four-in-hand bequeath influence whether is grant to piece of land and grappl e information which is efficacious to others. partnership voice dirty dog be a manager to colligate functionary curse wordship information to at heart and outdoor(a) of the organization like forwarding and benefits of the political party. principally managers are in this role which is the decisional role allow him/her decision to plan the changes in the good and services. Restructuring of the entrepreneurial possibly severely depends on the managers which refer to the top management. Managers essential bugger off the power to control the inherent constituent like strikes, which company cannot undergo hobble of work. eventful gene of dealings client is need to look delight of the customers. Manager mustiness be conceivable to hear the determine of their products sell to the customers and negotiating with them in a captain way. A good manager enquire cares of their spate by allocating fit duration and personnel office in the organization. pay up has to be set wherefore to single(a)s work and ensuring the righteousness among the fellow workers.

Career and College Goals Essay

College and Career cultivationIt was the first course of instruction that psychology was universe offered at my amply discipline and I was eager to be a fracture of the l peeing experience. I knew instantly that psychology was my calling. I could identify so more opportunities to make a difference in life-time, both whopping and small. I sport never mat a stronger clout towards a object and a career.Unfortunately, afterward high school I allowed dilatoriness and discouraging talking to from others stand in my way. Then as the years passed, I started a family and the excuses to non go s absent to school and direct my psychology point in quantify seemed more considerably justifiable. I continue to let term pass me by but the pulsation I mat to commit to my intent remained. The desire was there, the aim was there, everything was there moreover penury. I couldnt motivate myself because I couldnt liberate giving up more of my time to something that wasnt my family or my current career. support was already so hectic.Then as my kids got older, I realised that I wasnt setting a very nifty example for them by putting my dreams on hold. I knew that I would continue to forbear telling myself wiz solar daytimelight and that day was never outlet to come unless I made it happen. I guess it ultimately hit me that my life is always firing to be hectic. I commence atomic number 23 kids for Gods sake That day of realization was the day I unyielding to go natural covering to school and earn my item. I demand my kids to follow their dreams, compass their goals, and never cut into up. I underside honestly thank my kids and my husband for my motivation and qualification me gather in that getting my degree was a irresponsible(p) change of tempo and that it would benefit us greatly. It is one of the outperform decisions I have made and I dont have to take time by from my family. I am currently prosecute my Bachelors degree in Psychology at Columbia Southern. subsequently I ammonia alum I am committed to go along my education and pursue my Masters degree. One day I go for to have my deliver psychology practice. I have a deep dearest to help peck and I cypher forward to making a positive impact in peoples lives.

Tourism of Valais,Switzerland Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tourism of Valais,Switzerland - Research Paper ExampleEvery tourist field of operation undergoes a life cycle that mainly consists of the exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, and rejuvenation or decline stages. The involvement stage saw the establishment of a few hotels and the significant harvest-feast in the number of tourist arrivals in the destination. The domestic and German markets were the most popular at this time. The development stage saw the involvement of government and surreptitious developers in the establishment of infrastructures such as roads, airports and railway networks and expensive facilities for the expansion of the tourism sector. The consolidation stage was characterized by the improvement of infrastructure and tourist facilities so as to boost the tourism economy of the area. Over the last six years, the tourism sector has been on the decline stage with tourist arrivals reducing close to every year and the balance of payment only slightly improving.Valais has gone through most of the stages of the TALC model. At the exploration stage, locals especially enjoyed the natural surroundings the number of tourist arrivals being quite low. Considering domestic tourist arrivals as shown in table one, it is evident that for the last six years beginning 2005 and finis in 2010, the popularity of Valais has been on the steady decline. This state of events is mainly as a result of the destination having reached a point of unsustainable development. The destination generally seems to be clog up with little room for development.

Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tui Na Massage and regular massage for Article

Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tui Na Massage and regular massage for the intercession of pediatric and adolescent issues - Article Examplehealing philosophies, approaches, and therapies that mainstream Western (conventional) medicate does not commonly use, accept, study, understand, or make available. It also stated that CAM on its have can be an alternative to orthodox therapies or as a supplement to mainstream medicine whit the purpose of alleviating conditions and/ or promote healthy lifestyle.A good example of CAM would be Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that has its beginnings in China for more than thousands of years. According to the National Institutes of Health, TCM is considered is considered part of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the United States. TCM employs different treatments such as massage, herbal remedies, moxibustion, cupping and acupuncture. However, the purpose of this discussion to enlighten the public on the role of TCM in addressing p ediatric and adolescents issues, particularly musculoskeletal problems.The developmental stage of childhood up to adolescence presents a challenge to Orthopedic practitioners. The National Center for Health Statistics, in its National ambulant Medical Care Survey in 2003 revealed that no less than 8 million children under 20 musculoskeletal injuries in 2003 . It is no wonder so that childhood musculoskeletal injuries are seriously considered as a major problem by The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS). The musculoskeletal problems can be grouped into two categories congenital or developmental. Developmental conditions are usually attributed to injuries which stems from childhood obesity and lack of in bodily process. On the other hand, excessive physical activity from sports activities can also cause problems. Moreover, diseases and infections can also contribute to the development of musculoskeletal problems in children and adolescents.For some years now, TCM has contr ibuted in aiding pediatric cases as healthy as adolescents with musculoskeletal problems. The following areas of

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 121

Assignment ExampleThis method has been proven to effective in treating PSTD (Coble 60).In conducting a Systemic desensitization for a survivor of 9/11, Cognitive behavioral therapy is highly recommended. This is a common type of metal health planning in which a psychotherapist in a structured way and holds a number of session with the patient. This process helps to make sense of the overwhelming problem by breaking it down into smaller parts (Coble 64). It will help the patient to see how they are connected and their effect. A situation, which is the problem this is closely followed by thoughts, emotions, physiologic feelings then lastly actions.The most effective treatment in this case is the flexible application of a manualized cognitive behavioral therapy. Treatment delivery ranges from slightly 12- 25 sessions. Relaxation is an imperative component of CBT. It deals with the process of learning about somatic cues, after which the body is taught to relax. In progressive relief, the patient first learns the relaxation skills and latter he and the therapist create the anxiety hierarchy. He is able to provoke the situation in a gradual process. He faces the situation increasingly by developing a consistent paring of relaxation. Gradual desensitization closely follows. Virtual reality exposure has proved to more effective than noetic imagery (Coble

Primary Source Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Primary Source Analysis - Essay ExampleThe poor were often mistreated and subjected to intense, sometimes brutal employment with tokenish wages or opportunities. Aristotle is attempting to illustrate the importance of democracy as a foundational value system in political leadership and identify the risks associated with wealthier individuals coming to place and creating unfair, self-centered governments. Aristotle identifies that tyrannical leadership is often created by those who were born into wealth and influence who do not learn important lessons regarding compliance and submission. Aristotle points out that the nigh valuable position in a society is within the middle class ranks since it is here where lessons about servitude, ethical behavior and moral principles are developed. The rich, on the other hand, seem to be more influential and eventually rise to authority in government without having the important lessons learned about how to treat others properly. notice terms in this document include democracy and oligarchy.

Comparing Leadership in Military Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparing Leadership in Military - Essay ExampleThe mark leadership challenges for me exist at several takes. The fore almost challenge is for me to establish clear-defined role for the DCO of the brigade, who in the past have been deemed to have a confused role. As CO, I also fill to define my role clearly. These problems were apparent in Afghanistan during the previous deployment, where the leadership struggled due to too many responsibilities being assigned to the DCO, due to having a separate leadership structure in place over the MiTT, and later on as a result of the untimely deaths of the top officers in the brigade. Not only did the deaths of these officers create a sudden change of leadership, it also required the development of a unseasoned vision of leadership as healthful as the inspiration of new confidence in the troops in the entire brigade. Thus, I have a challenge in establishing myself as the new leader who will bring the unit back to the pace and status it hel d under old leadership, and as a result I must come on morale and proficiency among the soldiers. Within the officer structure, there is also a problem of my shops working together in harmonythe S3 shop is perceived as dictatorial by its members, while the S4 shop is overwhelmed finally, the S6 shop, least likely to complain about workload, also finds that its job is overwhelming. These shops all need some sort of relief, and I need to refocus them in order to better complete their tasks as well as recover from the deployment. My second leadership challenge lies at the NCO level. The most alarming aspect of this is how my brigade CSM is not open to the feedback of his NCOs, who complained about the stress and workload as well. Although the NCOs do benefit from hard handed leadership that requires exertion and results, they also need leadership that listens to their feedback and integrates into a wider solution. The CSM is not going to improve the efficiency and morale of his NCOs by batting back their feedback, negative as it may be, and needs to take an approach that will lead to more incentive and increased dedication. In short, the NCOs need to be inspired rather than reprimandedand I need to reprimand my CSM. Finally, there is an issue throughout the entire brigade of time and resource management. The reset face is presenting me a challenge due to the dwindling heart and soul of days before the adjoining phase of training comes into place, and much of the equipment is either in transit or in disrepair and will not be getable for full use until much close to the H+180 point. This places pressure on myself and the leadership at all levels, as the leaders from the team level up to my position as CO need to find a way to train and familiarize with equipment that we do not have. The result is not that there is a shortage of time, but moreso that there is an excess of time without the proper resources. I need to find a way to prepare the troops for the ne xt deployment cycle without the equipmentI also need to adjust the troops to the new mission and timeline in Afghanistan, as well as the fact that they may be acting in infantry type roles in addition to their usual MOS roles. My vision for transforming the organization of the 56th HBCT involves making a clear structure of authority and tasking. As CO, I will require reports on equipment availability at

Charging Children as Adults Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Charging Children as Adults - Essay ExampleWith matters dealing with criminal justice, the method is not much different. First, the issue has to be stated, then it is discussed, and conclusions be drawn. Where steps look like they may have been skipped, the research objectives are within the job description of solving crime, and methodology and data collection is through with(p) during the discussion of the issue if it has not been done already. The matter at hand for this discussion is that of charging children as adults for the crimes they commit. When children are charged as adults for crimes, it can leave a permanent mark on their record that they will never be able to outlive. It is believed by some that this method of criminal justice will go as a warning to those who would otherwise do harm to others, saving untold numbers of people from harm and homicide. Others believe that the children who are sentenced to these kinds of charges are from states of disenfranchisement, wit h matters besides made worse by the fact that where they once did not believe they would overcome their situations, they are now supported in their own conclusions, guaranteeing them a career of less opportunity than those who may commit the same crimes, but do not suffer the same consequences as a result of the advocacy they arrive from their community. In conducting researching for issues in the criminal justice system, the two most common methods are quantitative and qualitative (Maxfield Babbie, 23). Quantitative analysis is that which deals with concrete facts, or quantities.

HEALTH ECONOMIC Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HEALTH ECONOMIC - Assignment ExampleAccording to this article, pharmaceutical companies spend a lot of money on promotional talks. They have today turned to using the medical providers to advertize their drugs. Thus, the herald says that all of these companies have a financial relationship with doctors. For example, in 2013, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson spent a total of $142,600, $111,200 AND $100,000 on doctors. They used these moneys to pay doctors whom they were working with. This explains why people like Dr. Mare Cohen got $270,000 after being consulted by 6 companies.The economic argument behind this report is that it is very important for the development of health sector in the country. First, it butt process in strengthening the relationship between the medics and pharmaceutical companies. Besides, it can help in motivating the medical care providers. For instance, when they are used as consultants by these companies, they can get a lot of money in return. Las tly, it can help in restoring the confidence of the patients. By being diagnosed and treated by recognized consultants, they entrust feel proud and contented. Once their drugs are recommended by these doctors, they will readily accept to use them as

Roots of development Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Roots of development - Article ExampleDevelopment of good institutions are key to continue economic maturement as evidenced from the colonial times. Most countries which had favourable geography for the Europeans, benefited from the development of this kind of development. North American and Australia, had better geographical conditions more than African countries and southeastward America hence the different levels of economic developments. Due to the bad geographical conditions in Africa, there was a high mortality rate among settlers, hence utilising the celibate as a source for raw materials. They planted institutions during the colonial period bring about the economical differences as seen in the present world.According to the author, presidential term policies have a tremendous impact on the economic growth. This is further supported by the fact that countries with good policies supporting business, are doing well firearm those that are not are doing dismally terms of econo my. Moreover, policies acts as the proxy for institutional development, thus poor policies will deter development of the institutions necessary for quick economic development. This fact leaves policies as the most fundamental factor determining economic growth in a particular country (Print,

Campbell,mare,and walker study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Campbell,mare,and walker study - Essay ExampleThey feel that more research is needed on the subject.The industrial and internet revolution is continuously creating profound changes in the ethnic areas. There is nothing is fixed about it. The processes of changes, the making and unmaking are ongoing processes.. heathenish issue needs to be viewed from two place settings. The personal aspect as applicable to the day to day lives as well as the ethnic context exploitation by the politicians, for their vote-bank politics. Campbell etc. found that a strong sense of Zulu as for the personal lives prevailed. The crisis of identify is found in every community on account of rapidity of social change and Zulu community is no exception, the authors point out. The younger generation, especially moves with the social changes, adopts and amenable to modification on account of university information, migration to the cities, inter-community marriages, and several(prenominal) such factors. Fundam ental changes are seen in the traditional society. Old family values are rapidly disintegrating. The transition from the joint families to nuclear family also has deep bear on on the overall structure of the Zulu ethnic community.The area of survey/research has been cleverly selected by Campbell etc. The majority of the people were adult workers who lived in the outskirts of Durban, twelve men and twelve women, between the age group of twenty and late fifty. They were unskilled or semi-skilled workers. The authors specifically targeted them as they would have been exposed to a widely range of experiences, during their interaction with other workers, involvement in trade union issues, marriage, and education of childrenthat is to say, they would have been tested on the ethnic identity from every angle. Their education level varied considerably, there was a B.A. Degree holder on the one end, some of them had not entered the portal beyond that of a primary naturalize Most of them ha d incomplete

The Autobiography of Malcolm X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Autobiography of Malcolm X - Essay ExampleHere be the words that clear why he thought his men were controlled by the white Americans and what his plenty could do to overpower them and get their freedom permanently The political philosophy of Black Nationalism means We must control the authorities and the politicians of our community. They must no longer resume coifs from outside forces. We will organize and sweep out of office all Negro politicians who are puppets for the outside forces.1 supra stated text of the statement was made by Malcolm X in the opening of his press conference at New Yorks Park Sheraton Hotel, litigate 12. The mentioned quote tells us that Malcolms concern was not only the behaviors and oppositions of the white people but he believed that there were people inside his people who were basically the puppets controlled by the outside forces. 1. Sheppard Roland. The assassinations of Malcolm X and martin Luther king, Jr. The freedom that Malcolm X address ed was the freedom for individuals to accept themselves as they were and to not tone of voice the pressure from the social order to work in the correspondence with their standards and not feel like they are beautiful as they are naturally. Malcolm wanted to make them realize that they would not thrust to dye their hair, or conk them to make them look like that of a white man and so on. Malcolm felt that the freedom is something that allows you to be yourself, and not feel pressured by other cultures to conform to their way of life. However, he later admitted that he was not as free as he initially thought he was, as he began to put conk in his hair to make them look like that of a white mans. He realized that he didnt have the freedom to accept himself as he was and thathe felt the pressure from his friends and other surrounding people. Malcolm describes the physical pain he endured so that he could feel the pride of belonging to Roxboro Hill. Nevertheless, later Malcolm realized that the pain he was suffering for his hair was just a deceiving method used to dish them (he and other black people) to ignore the real problems of being manipulated to cause harm to themselves by white society so that they could fit the standards of the white people alternatively of having the freedom to accept themselves as they were. After his visit to Mecca On March, 1964 after his visit to Mecca, Malcolm X explained his changed views on violence and racism in these words I dont speak against the sincere, well-meaning, good white people. I have learned that there are some. I have learned that not all white people are racists. I am speaking against and my fight is against the white racists. I believe that Negroes have the right to fight against these racists, by any means that are necessary.1 1. John, Simkin. Malcolm X Biography. Malcolm continued I am for violence if non-violence means we continue postponing a solution to the American black mans problem - just to stave off vi olence. I dont go for non-violence if it also means a delayed solution. To me a delayed solution is a non-solution. Or Ill say it another way. If it must take violence to get the black man his human rights in this country, Im for violence exactly as you know the Irish, the Poles, or Jews would be if they were flagrantly discriminated against.1 The hurdles he wanted to demolish The Biggest problem that Malcolm saw in his people was that they were not in a state of realization that they had all the

Interest Groups and Their Role in American Politics Research Paper

Interest Groups and Their Role in American Politics - Research Paper ExampleA particular example of an interest group group is the organization SAGE (Service and Advocacy for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Elders). . It is the largest and oldest organization in America devoted to promoting the welfare of LGBT senior citizens and nark sure that their voices do not get lost in a cacophony of voices. SAGE formed itself in 1978 not only to deliver serve to LGBT elders in New York City but as well to push for policy reforms at the national level, and provides technical assistance to similarly-minded groups all over the country. It is not yet a simple issue of sterile technical assistance. Considering the historical marginalization of LGBT communities and their susceptibility to the hate agenda of conservative groups, SAGE employs a radical organizing gene as well (Reisch, 2005 288) that is to say, the replacement of oppressive institutions, conditions, systems and practices with geniuss that reflect principles of justice, equity and respect for human diversity. SAGE works in tandem with other organizations in hostelry to further the shared goal. After all, theirs is a shared commitment towards addressing the needs and uplifting the well-being of LGBT elderly and pushing for equality and tolerance, regardless of age differences. It is done the consolidation of their voices that change can be sought and demands can be made to reform policies or introduce new ones. Coupled with this, SAGE is also following the strategy of pushing for their advocacy on three levels city/local, state and federal level. This is a sound strategy in that it acknowledges that policy is generated in multiple fulcrums of power an if one is to push an agenda, then pressure tactics must be applied on the multiple fulcrums and not just one one. While interest groups are in theory a crucial component in any thriving democracy, many have criticized how some interest groups have cre ated adverse effects in the American political terrain. Sustein (1985 29) writes The dissatisf action takes various forms, but many of the concerns have a common root in the problems produced by the existence of interest groups, or factions, and their influence over the political process. The scheme is challenged on the grounds that it allows powerful private organizations to block necessary government action that the lawmaking process has been transformed into a series of accommodations among competing elites, and that the rise of a large bureaucracy exercising broad discretionary power has undermined original constitutional goals by circumventing the safeguards of separation

Not given ( no title ) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Not given ( no title ) - Research Paper ExampleFor in that respect to be any private curse claim made, the plaintiff must provide the court with substantial proof of interference. It is then within the courts jurisdiction to judge the reasonableness of the defendants behavior and try to establish fault from evaluating it. This establishes a balance between the two sides since the court evaluates the shew before making a ruling. The court rules in favor of the plaintiff if it can establish that the plaintiff suffered because of the interference and will continue to do so unless compensated by the defendant (Dodson 2002, pg. 60).On the other hand, the statute defines public nuisance as any criminal activity which threatens the community as a whole. It is a criminal offence therefore it attracts criminal cases tried by the criminal courts. The plaintiff in these cases is the state which represents the entire community and not a person or a group. On rare occasions do individuals bene fit from a criminal case directly, for example, a person qualifies for a individualised injury claim warranting compensation if the criminal activity in trial directly affected them. A good illustration of a public nuisance includes companies held liable for dumping hazardous waste materials into water catchment areas (Scott 2001, pg.68).However, some cases attract both private and public nuisance claims. The illustration mentioned above serves as a good example. The company could be held liable by the state for the polluting of a water catchment area which benefits the entire community. It can also be held liable by owners of the province adjacent to the water catchment area. They could claim that the companys negligent actions had adverse effects on the enjoyment of their comfortable homes (Scott 2001, pg. 77).Legislation describes the phrase interest in land in a way that attempts to include land solely owned by an individual in a legal manner. Meaning, the

Starbucks and Mcdonalds Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Starbucks and Mcdonalds - Research Proposal ExampleData and information should be on the last three to five age for consistency in the use of statistics and comparative figures. Whatever strategies were deemed more effective, as practiced, together with validated support from other authoritative sources would be used to press future strategies to alter revenues, market share and profits for both organizations.A review of related literature is proposed to be included as part of the research to contain information on past researches conducted for both Starbucks and McDonalds for the last three to five years. Comparative information would be gathered, evaluated and integrated to focus on strategies on products, price, place and promotions. Findings would therefore be written on which particular strategies were deemed most effective in both organizations and if these strategies can still be used to improve on the organizations performance. A review of external factors that influence future performance of these organizations would also be presented prior to

The Importance of CSR at Nike Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Importance of CSR at Nike - Essay ExampleIn recent times, it has been observed that expectations from an increasingly informed society are gradually pushing business to prioritize CSR and embrace initiatives that seek to comply with the expectations (Hollender & Fenichell, 2014 p55). This paper seeks to study Nikes activities as one of the leading sports equipment and wear shaper and distributor, aiming to discover whether Nike complies with CSR objectives. The companionship has faced negative publicity regarding its labour practices especially, which necessitates the objective investigation of its practices to determine whether Nikes adverse publicity reflects general practice and school of thought at the company. This paper will seek to investigate Nikes CSR policy, practices that are consistent with this policy, and challenges to their implementation of CSR. Nikes labour practices in Asia during the 90s were the subject of heated criticism, which endanger their position as market leaders and necessitated a redefinition of their CSR policy. The company put up a multi-functional team at the executive level to drive CSR conformism as a result, allowing for the refining of their production processes to improve environmental sustainability and cut waste (Detienne & Lewis, 2009 p362). They also turned their attention to the workforce and designed a commandment of conduct for their suppliers so as to ensure their suppliers adhered to Nikes values, especially in providing healthy working conditions for their workforce. Nike has embraced CSR and tries to impress the same on all their suppliers and retailer, as well. The company also insists that its employees internalize their code of ethics and practice it, while also making the same code a benchmark for its suppliers. Its efforts at waste lessening won them the Gigaton Award that is awarded to companies in recognition of their carbon emission reduction efforts.

Ethan Frome Essay Example for Free

Ethan Frome EssayEthan Frome had nothing but sickness and trouble. His life revolves around victorious care of mavin invalid after another, from his father, his mother to his hypochondriac wife and finally ending up as a disfigured and very image of ruin of a military personnel. He failed to achieve any of his ambitions to leave townsfolkspeople and become an engineer and did not succeed scour in his desire to run awaydoor(a) with Mattie Silver. Aside from poverty, the rigid moral character of Ethan prevents him from going against the affable conventions in favor of his personal ambitions and fill upment. Set in New England, in the rural town of Starkfield, Massachusetts, this literary piece was written by Edith Wharton in 1922. The bleak milieu of seemingly endless winter aptly sets the tone of the story and the fate of Ethan Frome. A narrator who was forced to stay in Starkfield because of a workers strike was instantly fascinated by Fromes appearance that looks quite old for a man of fifty-two and disfigured since an accident twenty-four years ago when he first saw him outside of the post office.He went on to find out more about him as he had the story, bit by bit, from various people, and, as generally happens in such cases, each time it was a antithetic story (1). The story of Ethan Frome is a portrayal of a passive and unhappy man who is weighed down by his duty to his wife and his bitter existence as a poor farmer. Ethan had been in Starksfield since his youth when his father died and he had to come home to take care of his ailing mother and their farm. Prior to this event, he was taking a technological course in Worcester but the lack of money prevented him from realizing his dream to become an engineer.He decided to marry Zenobia Pierce or Zeena, his cousin who came to help him care for his mother, after the burial as he was afraid to spend the winter unsocial. Though Zeena was lively and cheerful at first, she later on miss silent and sallow. He woulf often think that had his mother died in the springtime he would not have thought of offering hymeneals to Zeena. Her illnesses became her infantile fixation as she would go on a monthly trip to Bettsbridge to see her doctor. For rural towns like Starkfield, people with sickness or complications are common case for conversations and are singled out for a great fate.Zeenas illness became her weapon that she uses to take control of the sign and of Ethan. Mattie Silver actually came to the Fromes to do the household chores in exchange for the food and shelter as she was in like manner destitute after the death of her parents. Since she was not used to doing housekeeping, Ethan would help her out in doing her chores scarce so she would not incur the wrath of Zeena. Ethan eventually fell in love with lively and cheerful Mattie who gave Ethan respite from the isolation and loveless match with a sickly and whining woman.The extracurricular relationship however adva nces to no more than holding of hands as both Mattie and Ethan are too afraid to defy the forces of social and marital duties. The time came though that Zeena decided to send Mattie away because of a broken red pickle dish that is symbolic in the story of the marriage of Ethan and Zeena. The idea of living apart from each other was unbearable for Mattie and Ethan that upon the suggestion of the former, they went on to take a sleigh ride that would crash them into the big elm tree.The attempted suicide failed leaving Ethan disfigured and Mattie a paralyzed woman. The irony of the story is that in the end Zeena seem to overcome her illness and became the caregiver of the without delay invalid, whining Mattie and the lame Ethan. The entire life of Ethan Frome had been a series of dreams destroyed because of the batch of him being poor and his adherence to social duty. His opportunity to leave town and discharge education to eventually become an engineer was hindered when his father died and he has a farm and an ailing mother to take care of.Their farm as he said was side-tracked when the railroads where put up and no more people came to town. He blames this as the cause as to why his mothers condition deteriorated. It could also mean the lost opportunities for the town and also to him as the specify got left(p) behind in the course of development. Ethan was one of the people stuck in Starkfield, a place where most of the smart ones get away(14) as Harmon Gow, the stage driver in the story, aptly puts it. The bleakness that surrounds Starkfield, for one thing, is not an environment that would nurture youth and ready a field for dreams to come true.The narrator in the story noted that although he initially felt invigorated by the clear blue skies and inglorious white of snow, this was soon followed by long periods of cold and darkness that he begun to down the stairsstand the deadness of the community (15). In an environment that was neither nurturing nor b ountiful, Ethan is further softened into the tangled web of harshness and scarcity. The Fromes practically had to eke living from what little they could get from their farm for their survival. The connection between the land and the people is symbolic in the story.The environment made life for the townspeople difficult such as when Ethan and another man had to struggle in the sleet just to be able to transpose logs. Starkfield is isolation in itself, with the places beyond it seen as a place to get away so as to seek a different fortune or freedom from the drab and coldness of the place. The limitations of the environment coupled with poverty further intensified the lost potentials of Ethan Frome. there was the poignant scene where the narrator accidentally left his biochemistry book in the sleigh and later on sees it in Fromes hand.Ethan was both fascinated and humbled by the book as he exclaimed, There are things in that book that I didnt know the first word about (18). It show s that Ethans curiosity and intellect had very few outlets in that cast of environment. For a fifty-two year old man who found excitement in a book, it is painful to think of what he could have been had he got the find oneself to explore his potentials. The conflict between personal passion and social convention is another theme portrayed in the story. The character of Zeena and Mattie were so different that the proofreader would readily understand the choice of Ethan between them.Mattie symbolizes beauty and energy in her ways, in the colors that she uses from the ribbons in her hair to the dish that she illicitly uses whereas Zeena possesses the deathly and sickly qualities in life. The sexual and emotional frustration in the marriage of Zeena and Ethan is symbolized by the unused pickle dish. Though shown as Zeenas most prized possession, it remains at the topmost of the china closet left and unused. The barren relationship that they have is further portrayed with them not hav ing children and hardly ever sharing a conversation.Ethan fell in love with Mattie and had come to hate Zeena but his strong sense of marital duty prevents him from deciding to be with Mattie. He acts with uncertainty and frustration under the looming shadow of his obligation to Zeena that it created a conflict in him. Ethan is also hesitant to leave his sickly wife for he believes that if he went away it would leave Zeena alone and penniless. Even in the moment when Zeena went away, her presence was greatly felt in imagined visions and in the symbol of the cat.Conventionally, the orderliness upholds marriage as a sacred pose and is, in fact, at the apex of the set social orders. A man and woman are joined in marriage it is protected by the norms of the society to keep the union intact. The critical eyes of the society is so that it could even permeate walls of intimate moments like the evening that Ethan and Mattie spent together when Zeena went away from the town to see a doctor . Their excitement though withered when the cat broke the dish and the looming figure of Zeena in their minds.Zeenas absence bear more lading that her presence that conversation became impossible. The circumstance does not allow them to attempt to recreate a fantasy of life together, spending an evening as a husband and wife would. Their passion was shrouded by guilt and the unseen eyes of the society that both of them felt in the situation. As Ethan noted in the warm lamplit room, with all its ancient implications of conformity and order, she (Mattie) seemed infinitely farther away from him and more unapproachable (54).Conformity and order in the living room reminded Ethan that it belongs to Zeena and Ethan and could never be Mattie and Ethan. And when Ethan crossed the line when showed the slightest act of passion by kissing a piece of cloth that she was sewing, Mattie was spurred into retreating, scared of the repercussions with the transgression made. Poverty also limited the illicit lovers from taking serious step in pursuing an adulterous affair. Mattie, for one, was in a very precarious condition being dependent on the Fromes for her quotidian sustenance.Having nowhere else to go, she is also afraid of going into that kind of relationship with Ethan that could take away the refuge that she now has. Ethan, on the other hand, his duty to his wife and even to the Hales prevents him from acting on the situation like the loan that he planned to take from the Hale in able to elope with Mattie. Ethan did not scarce pay his chance on love but he also sacrificed his ambitions just so he seat fulfill his social duties.He had to give up his dream to move out of Starkfield and of becoming an engineer to care for his father, his mother and the farm. And upon the death of his mother, he end up in frustrated desire to fulfill his dreams for he was trapped in a marriage with a sickly wife whom he cannot bear to leave because of her condition. Though a sympatheti c character, Ethan Frome can be also frustrating because of his lack determination to change the course of his life. He allows circumstances to take over him and did not decidedly pursue his interests and ambitions. deal the epitaph of the original Ethan Frome in the graveyard with his wife Endurance, he endures rather than act on his fate in pursuit of happiness and fulfillment. In his relationship with Mattie, preferably of finding the courage to address his dilemma he opted for suicide with his lover, which he did not even decide on but took on upon the suggestion of Mattie. This was his only bold decision in the entire novel but this too ended up as a failure leaving him ruined and articled to live his entire life with an invalid lover and a controlling wife.Though Ethan is a sensitive and decent person he lacks emotional authorisation and determination. Instead of mustering enough courage to defy conventions, he chose not to take decisions and face the consequences of it, The deadened vitality of Ethan Frome from the decades of frustrations and his inability to rise up beyond the circumstances had left him in a situation where is not much difference between the Fromes up at the farm and the Fromes down in the graveyard.

Parenting styles Essay Example for Free

P benting styles EssayChild study has been a topic of interest of most developmental psychologists, peculiarly in terms of the relationship amid a rear and a youngster (Eisenberg et al. , 2009). There has been considerable effort in establishing a cause-and-effect relationship surrounded by a particular approach that a parent employs and the resulting behavior in a electric razor. Unfortunately, the precise connection has been quite elusive, as there are yet a number of factors that could cultivate the come to of a agnatic action towards a child.There are likewise other(a) external factors that may modify the impact of a specific parental action, frankincense generating a modified response in a child (Jackson et al. , 2008). A nonher complicating factor to consider in this type of analysis is the observation that children shew varied responses to a specific parental approach despite the utmost similarity in the characteristics of the childs immediate environment. T here are as hygienic twin studies that depict variations in the personalities of children despite their growth and development in the same location.One widely recognized association between parenting styles and the impact on children is that found by Baumrind (1967). In her study involving approximately 100 children who were at their pre-school age, four dimensions were identified to be strongly associated with parenting. Among these were the type of strategy that was employed in instilling discipline in a child, the degree and method of providing care and warmth to a child, the mode of communicating to a child and the amount of adulthood of a parent towards his child.These dimensions could thus characterize a specific parenting style, of which could be easily identifiable among parents. This essay pull up stakes present the four parenting styles that were exposit by Baumrind (1967), as well as analyze the impact of each style on the general well being of the child. The four s tyles of parenting according to Baumrind (1967) The term parenting pertains to a complex action that is strongly associated with a particular behavior that influences a childs growth and development.Parenting can thus become a affirmatory or a negative factor on how a child with turn out. It should be understood that parenting is a complex behavior because it is a good deal toilsome to directly associate oneness behavior to a specific outcome in a child. For example, the physical infliction of punishment, such as spanking, does not automatically result in the creation of a juvenile delinquent. Moreover, reading a story to a child does not directly indicate that the child will turn out to be a well-disciplined young individual.The combination of all activities of a parent in relation to a child thus comprises the holistic concept of parenting. The main mechanism behind the adaptation of a parenting style by a parent is to control, as well as to teach their child to interact with other individuals. There are two general points that need to be understood with regards to the concept of parenting. Firstly, a parenting style may have variations that would pee a unique and personal touch for each parent.In addition to the personal style of every parent, it is similarly common to observed parenting styles that have hints of cultural, phantasmal and ethnic characteristics. For example, Asian parents are normally to a greater extent protective of their children than parents from Western countries. It is therefore common to see families that are comprised of three generations living under one roof. A Catholic parent may to a fault have slight differences in their parenting style, as this would include teachings of regularly going to church and in more conservative Catholics, recognizing days of fasting and abstinence.A parenting style may also be slightly modified based on the gender of the parent, wherein a virile parent may perform such action using a masculin e approach and a female parent would employ a distaff style. Another general point regarding the concept of parenting is that despite the variations in the approaches and styles that parents assume over their children, the main goal of parenting is still focused on the subject of control. Children, especially during their formative years, are highly malleable to external factors and thus every parent attempts to teach their children of the proper ways of going about regular activities in life.Since children are too young and immature to understand the principles and facts of life, parents thus take responsibility of teaching their children and in most instances neglect to condone every role that comes by their childrens way. The simplest and effective method for a parent to prevent their children from experiencing any harm is to provide rules that would ultimately control their actions towards getting into trouble. Parenting is also link up to two essential ingredients, namely responsiveness and capacity to demand.Parental responsiveness pertains to the degree to which a parent supports individuality and assertion on the part of the child. This element thus allows a child to perform actions that he wants to pack in, as long as these are still acceptable and proper. On the other hand, a parents capacity to demand pertains to the claim made on a child in order for this young individual to be incorporate into the family. In addition, a parents level of demand is also associated with a parent being capable of confronting a child when he disobeys the established rules of the family. Authoritarian style of parenting.This parental approach is generally characterized by establishing rules in the household, of which the children are expected to follow. In any case that these rules are not followed, the parent then imposes a punishment on the child. One unique feature of this parenting style is that most parents do not provide any opportunity to explain to their children when a certain rule has been established in the home (Williams et al. , 2009). The child, on the other end, is thus unaware of the principle behind each rule, yet he would follow the rules in order to avoid getting any punishment from his parent.A strong correlation with the despotic style is the quality of having high standards, as well as great expectations on the part of the parent. It is quite unfortunate to see that despite the strict rules in the home, an authoritarian parent does not do to the inquiries of the child. In addition, authoritarian parents are generally focused on the concepts of obedience within the family, as well as maintenance of the status of this social unit. authorised approach for parenting. In the authoritative style of parental behavior, the same rules are established in the household.This may be similar to what is observed in the authoritarian style of parenting, yet the authoritative approach also provides some unique features. Firstly, the authoritative style recognizes democracy in the family, wherein the children may express their concern and engage in discussions with their parents about a particular rule. On the part of the parent, there is also some extent of responsiveness towards the children, as the parent permits the opportunity for discussions and possibly, struggle with their children.The authoritative approach to parenting also provides a nurturing environment to their children, including instances when the child has broken a rule that was established by the parent. More importantly, the authoritative parent also forgives a child when he is unable to fulfill the expectations that were described to him for delivery. Despite its similarity to the authoritarian approach to parenting wherein there are rules that have been established in the home, the authoritative style involves regular monitoring of the child, thus directing this young individual as he progresses through his childhood.In addition, the author itative approach also employs clear and distinct rules that would result in an acceptable standard to both the parents and the children themselves. Permissive approach to parenting. Permissive parenting generally involves an indulgent approach to children, wherein except a few expectations are expected of the children. In addition, permissive parents seldom punish their children because there are no rules to follow at home. The parents also do not demand any signs of maturity, as well as self-control, from their children.In terms of comparing the predominant feature in permissive parenting, the parents are described to be more interactive and responsive, than the feature of being demanding of their children. Using this approach, the children thus sense a nurturing effect from their parents, as they are given the opportunity to communicate to their parents. It is also possible that children feel that their permissive parent is more of a friend than a strict parent. The uninvolved st yle of parenting.The uninvolved parent is often associated with having only a few expectations, as well as a low degree of responsiveness to their children. In this parenting approach, there is seldom any interaction between the parent and the children. However, it should be understood that despite the silence between the two parties, the basic needs of the child are still met, although the parent maintains a dislocated personality towards the child. There may also be cases wherein the uninvolved parent is unable to care for the child.The effect of various parenting styles on the child Every parenting style is destined to generate a specific impact on the recipient child. However, it should be understood that the total effect of a parenting style on a child could have inter-individual variations because the environment, genetics and other external factors will also contribute to the entire condition of the child. In general, the authoritarian approach to parenting generates childre n who are obedient. These children are commonly observed to be proficient in most of their activities.However it is also common to find that their children carry a low degree of self-confidence and often describe themselves to be unhappy. Children of authoritarian parents also find difficulty in interacting with other people (Williams et al. , 2009). Children of authoritative parents, on the other hand, are usually happy, as well as highly capable of producing their expected results. In addition, these children often result in successful lives during their adult year. Children of permissive parents are often unhappy, despite the freedom to perform any activity of their choosing.It has been reported that children of permissive parents are more likely to encounter problems due to illegal activities, as well as result in poor academic performance. The uninvolved approach in parenting generally results in the lowest quality of childhood, wherein children have been found to move back a ny sense of self-control. In addition, children of uninvolved parents often carry a low degree of self-esteem and are usually less competent that other children of the same age range (Eisenberg et al. , 2009). Variations in parenting styles are mainly due to the differences in the cultures and religious principles of parents.There are also other external factors that influence the predominance of a particular parenting style, such as the size and the socioeconomic status of the family (Jackson et al. , 2008). The educational level of the parents is also instrumental in the parenting style that would be adapted by a parent. Another factor to consider in parenting styles is that each parent may adapt a different approach and thus the child generally results in a specific personality that is the resultant effect of two different parenting styles.For example, the father could employ an authoritarian parenting style, while the let engages in the permissive approach. The child thus adapt s a personality and attitude that adjusts to the presence of both parenting styles. Conclusions There are four general parenting approaches that have been described by Baumrind (1967), resulting to distinct outcomes in a child. The authoritarian style is characterized by a strict set of rules, while the authoritative approach shows more forgiveness in house rules.Permissive parents often lacks monitoring and self-regulation of children, while the uninvolved parent is often distant to children. The variations in the growth and development of a child may be influenced by the parenting style that a parent employs and thus it is important to constantly monitor the progress of a childs development in terms of the external influences that surround him. References Baumrind, D. (1967). Child-care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 7543-88. Eisenberg, N. , Chang, L. , Ma, Y. Huang, X. (2009).Relations of parenting style to Chinese chil drens effortful control, ego resilience, and maladjustment. Developmental Psychopathology, 21(2)455-477. Jackson, A. P. , Bentler, P. M. Franke, T. M. (2008). Low-wage paternal employment and parenting style. Social Work, 53(3)267-278. Williams, L. R. , Degnan, K. A. , Perez-Edgar, K. E. , Henderson, H. A. , Rubin, K. H. , Pine, D. S. , Steinberg, L. Fox, N. A. (2009). Impact of behavioral inhibition and parenting style on internalizing and externalizing problems from early childhood through adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(8)1063-1075.

The Story of an Hour Essay Example for Free

The Story of an Hour EssayThe Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin is near a woman named Mrs. M bothard, who learns that her just died in an accident. As I continued to read the story I learned that Mrs. mallard, was not your ordinary grieving widow, she is in reality somewhat happy of the news of her husbands finish. Chopin uses symbolic representation and irony to show readers the world through Mrs. Mallards eyes. Symbolism was a good term in the story, mainly because Chopin uses symbols in many of her paragraphs. Also the author uses irony to rent readers to understand why she is so happy that she is free of her husband. The devil literary elements that are prevalent in the story is symbolism and irony because Chopin uses them the most to create different feelings in the readers minds. In the Story of an Hour Chopin uses symbolism as much as she can throughout the story. The symbolism begins when Chopin says the delicious breath of rain was in the air (23). I believe this means she is nigh to start a new life, and that she can finally start living for herself.another(prenominal) example, is there stood facing the open windowpane, a comfortable, roomy armchair (23). The open window symbolizes being open to change the adjectives roomy and comfortable symbolizes a feeling of being embraced, a feeling of love and security. While looking through the window Chopin describes other symbols such as The warm weather which suggest life rather then the cold of winter that symbolizes death. I believe the quote were all quiver with the new spring life (23), symbolizes a new life to come, or maybe something new and exciting was about to happen in her life.The displace of a delicious breath of rain in the air refers to the calmness and quietness later the storm (23). I believe Chopin uses that to refer to Mr. Mallards death and the new life she will have now that she is free of him. Another thing outside the window are the singing of birds and the distant stock of someone who was singing (23). This symbolizes a feeling of relief that she is finally free of her husband, almost as if a burden has been lifted from her shoulders. In the story, Mrs. Mallard is depict as being a fair, calm face (23), symbolizing beauty and innocence.I believe Chopin used the symbols in an underlying way to give the readers a feeling empathy for Mrs. Mallard. In The Story of an Hour this is much irony used throughout the story. Irony is first detected in the way Mrs. Mallard reacts to the death of her husband. Instead of reacting like a typical grieving widow, she accepts it and wants to be alone in her room, where she visualizes her life being better off without him rather than missing him. Another example, of irony is when Mrs. Mallard whispers, free, free, free (23).But as the story continues, we learn that ironically she really isnt free because Mr. Mallard didnt die after all. Another thing that is ironic is when the doctors say she died of the joy that kills (24). In reality the doctors are correct, but they dont understand what joy actually killed her, it wasnt the joy of her husband being alive, but rather that she was finally able to live her life without him. The recognized irony in the story was the fact that Mrs. Mallard was excited about her new life, but ironically she only gets to enjoy her new life for an hour before she dies.In closing, Chopin uses symbolism and irony to get the readers to understand the underlying message that she was trying to get across. Symbolism and irony are two very important literary elements because they provide the story with advocate and heighten the readers expectations and interest throughout the story. I feel that Chopin did a very good job in implementing irony and symbolism into the story especially when trying to get the readers to view the world through Mrs. Mallards eyes and to describe her state of being regarding her husbands death.

Air Pollution Due To Traffic Environmental Sciences Essay

Air Pollution Due To Traffic Environmental Sciences Essay exploitation of urban lands with various land single-valued function results in creation of different forms of the city, and this personal developing cause profession problems. High occupation volume more than capacity of urban systems, results in milieual problems, especially production line and kick the bucket pollutions.Air pollution due to traffic is one of the main concerns of urban castners and environmental administrators in developing countries for decades, because ship pollution directly locomotes citizens health. This issue, in developed countries, has been solved through correct planning on land use and theodolite, and mark on environment protection.We go outing try, in this re search, to examine the correlation between land use, traffic, and its effect on urban environment, especially on air timbre. In other(a) words, we will survey the effects of land use in physical movement due to traffic, and its effect on air quality.Land use and transport be two sides of a coin (). On one hand, point is near important requirement of city development and, on the other hand, planned or unplanned development results in expatriate needs. Hence, there is a very high correlation between transportation and land use. more analytical and descriptive models require been developed to show this correlation, each one provides one aspect of researches and explanatory grammatical constituents in geometrical structure of city (). notwithstanding correlation between transportation, land use and environmental parameters such as air pollution haven rargonly examined. Although environmental problems, nowadays, atomic number 18 one of the most important problems, especially in metropolises, and these problems should be solved.Rural regions, in developing countries, are urbanizing quickly, and cities are changing into metropolises, which cause environmental problems. Most common vitrine of thes e problems is related to air pollution in cities. Air pollution could be result of industrial activities, transportation and other elements in cities, but according to JICA, more than 80% of Tehrans pollution is result of urban transportation. Because of belonging of significant part of city ( square meter equal to percent of territory space) to highways and linkages in and some(prenominal)what district 2, most of air pollution is created by moving fomites in districts (.).Urban transportation is affected by three elements 1- road and street, 2- vehicles and 3- users (citizens), so we should involve there three elements to reduce or eliminate air pollution due to transportation. These elements are shown in diagram number (.).First, we should consider urban infrastructure, especially road and street, to reduce air pollution due to transportation. If our roads have high traffic capacity, vehicle could pass faster and air pollution will be reduced.Although road widening is restric ted by land limitations in cities, otherwise the city would changes into a giant parking guide (this is what happened in Hemmat track in district 2 and its picture is represented in appendixes). Using the good materials for road constructing also could reduce pollutions due to tiny dusts scattered in space. twinkling, utilizing planning and transportation administration, and using low pollutant vehicles would help better air quality.Today, world is talking about bi-fuel, battery and solar automobiles, which make lesser pollution. another(prenominal) way of air pollution reducing is also to promote the use of earthly concern transportation systems, which make lesser pollution per passenger, in comparison to private vehicles. Also developing the green lines in cities for bicycles and encourage people to use them is another solution.Third, modifying citizens and vehicle and road users travel pattern is another way. These would be achieved by reducing the need to travel by motor veh icles through development of electronic city and utilizing internet and intranet for routine chance(a) works- nearest way to travel, development of public transportation fleet and encouraging people to replace their personal vehicles with public transpiration services. Planning of permanent land use could reduce air pollutions indirectly.So we can say that there is a linear relation between transportation quality and land use in cities. City air pollution is most important problem, especially in big cities of developing countries. Source of this pollution is vehicles. Main city air pollutants are presented in table downstairsTable- city air pollutants due to transportationEffects of these pollutants on citizens life- city construction- human health and have been proved (1234).As mentioned above, main source of city air pollution is urban transportation which is influenced by citizens travel pattern and land use. Relationship between urban travel patterns, specification of origin- destination and land use will be achieved through mathematical analysis. Origin-destination distance will affect citizens travel pattern obviously. Long distance between residential and working areas, between origin and destination indeed, will affect transportation and energy usage. Even citizens economic status and kinship between public transport and personal vehicle usage will affect traffic volume in cities.Transportation is needed because it eliminates distances by modifying relationship ability between various activities. Indeed, this close relationship between land use and transportation makes transportation equipments one of strongest especial geographical tools for planners, so they could utilize it for conduction of urban development.However, land use and transportation relation is complicated and we cant make any cause and effect relationship between them. For example, its obvious that modification of transportation infrastructure has clear affect on land use activities . Population volume and distribution of residential areas or industrial displacements, etc. change the transportation demand pattern. Thus, its necessary to antecedent goal in transportation planning be the development of effective balance between land use activities and potential capacity of their relationship, to reduce air pollution and enhance environment quality.Land use pattern typically would identify by district selection and district location and relationship between districts and organizing various city zones such as commercial-official- internal and external (1234). ( )There is multilateral interaction between various elements. These elements include land use intensity- traffic limitation level- vehicles effectiveness- centralizing level- urban form- cost of energy and orientation to various types of public transportation. All of these elements define city air quality and fuel use of goods and services level.According to Newman and Knorty (..) there are various indexes for evaluation of correlation between transportation and land use, includingland use intensity indexorientation to non-automobile transportationtraffic limitation levelvehicles performancecentralizing level of urban formpublic transportation performanceThis study has been made according to these indexes.As travel volume and its characteristics are under affect of land use intensity and nature, it seems gathering basic information about land use is branch to do. Land use scales for residential areas, typically, do measure by pure residential aggregation. While in working centers and buying areas it does measure by site of one person to appropriate occupation space. Required information could be provided by official sources and we could synchronize them by recourse to planning applications rules. These basic data have provided by surveying in every internal traffic zone.Peoples interest in public and private transportation, daily urban motor traffic volume, main street width, branc hes, proper usage of traffic signals and citizens attention to them are points that should be taken into account in land use and urban transportation systems survey.However, most common transportation type is automobiles that occupy more than 20% of streets in many countries. And it shows that land use for transportation purposes is the second one after(prenominal) residential land use.Problem StatementsEnvironmental problems in cities have been changed into complex situation, all elements related to each other. Environmental stresses in cities are result of daily increase in city population and need to more space and changes in land use for better services. Observation in district 2 in Tehran shows that main environmental stress is result of enhance in traffic volume, especially in highways. It brings air and sound pollution problems. former(a) environmental problems also are challengeable in district 2, but we will emphasize on air pollution in this thesis.Although Tehrans distri ct 2 is a developed one, but mentioned problems, especially traffic burden and air pollution decrease the quality of urban environment. Main reasons of vehicles congestion, which is main source of air pollution in district 2, are as belowfast and unbalanced development of districtchanges in form of the city and continual changes in land usedevelopment of residential areas with high aggregationeconomic development of city, which resulted in enhancement in citizens affordInsufficient and inappropriate transportation system, which resulted in utilizing personal vehicles by citizens.Rate of city streets length to personal vehiclesVehicle parking beside streetsExcessive increase of highways in district, which changed district 2 into release of other districts.Insufficient administration of traffic and transportation.Above reasons may help in increase of air quality problems and decrease of urban environmental quality. check importanceIt is long time that traffic throng is one of the mai n problems of Tehran. This throng in district 2 is more because of extent of passages and highways. This throng results in waste of many hours by citizens and millions of liters fuel too. Traffic may result in decrease of people property and dissatisfaction. Traffic also affects air quality and results in various commercial and hygienic detriments. Observations in district 2 show that traffic volume increases as the city develops. We need a st appraisegical prevention method and employ conventional methods were not effective yet.Threats and opportunities, and weaknesses and strengths have been considered in strategic prevention method. If, as mentioned previously, traffic is most important element in air pollution, there are two methods for reduction of air pollution in citiesFirst, by control and decrease of automobiles volume, traffic, and air pollution because, will be reduced. Optimal traffic administration to provide roads capacity- traffic signals- infrastructure improvemen t and to provide public transportation system could be utilized to control number of automobiles. And urban environmental status will be improved by utilizing clean fuel akin bi fuel earthy gas or electronic fuel.Second, a strategy related to urban planning and proper distribution of urban land use and decreasing urban travels are essential to solve the problem of urban air quality downfall, and show the importance and necessity of these surveys.ObjectivesMost important purposes of this survey areverbal description of current land use characteristics in Tehran district 2, regarding zones- development- aggregation and continuity.Description of relationship between citizens physical movement and land use plan and citizens decision fashioning in vehicle selection.Description of characteristics of air pollution in Tehran district 2, regarding sources- type of vehicles exhaust- adjustment and affects on urban environmentDescription of some characteristics of land use policy tools- tra nsportation and air quality in Tehran district 2, which has direct effect on making seasonal plans perpetual, and proposing related measures which could improve relationship between land use and physical movement and result in better urban air quality. peck hypothesisFirst hypothesis in this study is that there is relationship between air quality and land use plan through physical movement by motor vehicles. It is on the basis of fact that any traffic due to utilizing fossil fuel in automobiles results in liberation of pollutants and hence results in air pollution. If automobiles do not emit air pollutant gases, like electric hybrid or solar automobiles, there will be no such relationships. But major urban transportation in district 2 is taking place by personal and motor vehicles now (..).Second hypothesis is that air pollution in district 2 is mostly result of motor vehicles and probably its true, because there is no other pollutant source like air pollutant factories in this dis trict. We can make a clear relationship between traffic volume and number of air pollutants by this hypothesis. Since wind rate and direction, which makes emitted exhausts uncondensed, is not considered in measuring of air quality in streets, this relationship will not be completely realized. So may be emission volume will not be reported correctly. Yet there is a lack of recorded data about air quality measuring which causes some deployment because it reduces the quality of mentioned relationship. Anyhow its expected that this study provide basic method for more comprehensive study about transportation and environmental relationships in Tehran district 2.Emission of various gases depends on fuel type and automobile age. But it is not possible to determine age of automobiles in effect and thus we will connivance it in traffic calculation.Third hypothesis is that if scale of automobiles motor will be considered, any automobile utilizing fossil fuel, heedless of age, emits exhaust, which has similar effect on environment.This study only considers relationship between land use and physical movement through personal automobiles or public transportation systems. Indeed, variants such as migrants- urban transportations through public transportation systems- personal automobile owners, jobs and purpose of urban transportation that control physical movement. These variants have been considered in this study, but direct relation between some of them has been neglected. Actually, affects caused by transportation are not limited to air pollution, but include sound pollution and tremble, which have been neglected too, and we only emphasize on air pollution in this study.Area StudyTehran, as capital of Iran, is located in natural bed between 3534 degree of north latitude and 51 to 5137 degree of east longitude. This bed is limited to northwest border of Markazi desert in south, to Jajrood valley in east, and valleys of Karaj in west. Regarding high extent and population (), Tehran has been divided into 22 urban districts with independent municipality to better administration.Tehran district 2 is placed in 5120 degree east longitude and 3545 degree north latitude. Its placed in south skirt of Alborz Mountains. Its limited to south skirt of Alborz Mountain in north, alluvial desert of Markazi in south, and Farahzad and Evin Darakeh watercourses in east and west. Its total shape is as a rectangular with 12 kilometers in north-south direction and 4 kilometers in east-west direction, including 5000 hectare space. South part of it in Tehran desert has hot and dry climate, while north part in Alborz Mountains skirt has more temperate climate. planetary slope is in north-south direction varying form 30-40 degrees in north part to gentler slope of 5-10 degrees in south part. Alborz Mountains is in its north. Its most high place is about 1800 meter higher than sea level, with medial slope of 30-50 degrees. There are some small valleys like Darakeh, Farahza d in Mountains skirt (north of Tehran). There are many hills in centric part, results of water erosion. Highest place in these hills is about 1500 meter higher than sea level. Medial slope in top of the hills are 20-30 degrees and in skirt about 30-40 degrees. These hills are differentiated from other topographic zones by their height, multiple valleys and severe slopes in skirts. Pardisan Park hills and north of Kooye Nasr hills are some of them. This district ends in 1200 alignment in south. Tehran district 2 is limited to Alborz Mountains in north, districts 1, 3, 6 in east, districts 9, 10, 11 in south and district 5 in west. District is totally in north of Tehran and Aborz mountain skirt and most of it is at least 1400 meter higher than sea level.Why district 2 has selected for study?Because district 2 had experimented intensive changes in land use in recent years . Most of Tehrans highways are placed in this district and its a good choice because of its extent from center to n orth of the city. District 2 includes 10% of population and space of Tehran.